Changes in surface solar radiation in Northeastern Spain over the past six centuries recorded by tree-ring δ13C     

I. Dorado-Liñán  A. Sanchez-Lorenzo  E. Gutiérrez Merino  O. Planells  I. Heinrich  G. Helle  E. Zorita 《Climate Dynamics》2016,47(3-4):937-950

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Synthesis of monticellite–forsterite and merwinite–forsterite symplectites in the CaO–MgO–SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> model system: influence of temperature and water content on microstructure evolution     

P.?Remmert  W.?Heinrich  B.?Wunder  L.?Morales  R.?Wirth  D.?Rhede  R.?AbartEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2018,173(1):5

Homogeneous single crystals of synthetic monticellite with the composition \({\text{Ca}}_{0.88}{\text{Mg}}_{1.12}{\text{SiO}}_4\) (Mtc I) were annealed in a piston-cylinder apparatus at temperatures between 1000 and \(1200\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}\), pressures of 1.0–1.4 GPa, for run durations from 10 min to 24 h and applying bulk water contents ranging from 0.0 to 0.5 wt% of the total charge. At these conditions, Mtc I breaks down to a fine-grained, symplectic intergrowth. Thereby, two types of symplectites are produced: a first symplectite type (Sy I) is represented by an aggregate of rod-shaped forsterite immersed in a matrix of monticellite with end-member composition (Mtc II), and a second symplectite type (Sy II) takes the form of a lamellar merwinite–forsterite intergrowth. Both symplectites may form simultaneously, where the formation of Sy I is favoured by the presence of water. Sy I is metastable with respect to Sy II and is successively replaced by the latter. For both symplectite types, the characteristic spacing of the symplectite phases is independent of run duration and is only weeakly influenced by the water content, but it is strongly temperature dependent. It varies from about 400 nm at \(1000\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) to 1200 nm at \(1100\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) in Sy I, and from 300 nm at \(1000\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) to 700 nm at \(1200\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}\) in Sy II. A thermodynamic analysis reveals that the temperature dependence of the characteristic spacing of the symplectite phases is due to a relatively high activation energy for chemical segregation by diffusion within the reaction front as compared to the activation energy for interface reactions at the reaction front. The temperature dependence of the characteristic lamellar spacing and the temperature-time dependence of overall reaction progress have potential for applications in geo-thermometry and geo-speedometry.  相似文献   

Some phenomenological aspects of carbonate geochemistry. The control effect of transition metals — Reply     

Dr. Ibrahim A. Mirsal  Prof. Dr. Heinrich Zankl 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1988,77(2):613-615

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Neuere Veröffentlichungen     

Hartmut Heinrich 《Ocean Dynamics》1990,43(1):55-56

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Studies on object reconstruction from space using three-line scanner imagery     

Heinrich Ebner  Franz Müller  Senlin Zhang 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》1989,44(4)

The paper investigates the capability of object reconstruction from space for two specific projects. Both of them are based on the use of three-line scanner systems allowing for simultaneous digital image recording from three different angles. An efficient model for combined point determination is proposed, considering the digital image data as well as orbit information, GPS and INS observations. The resulting accuracy is estimated from project oriented simulations. Finally, the possibilities for DTM generation, orthophoto production and stereo compilation from three-line scanner imagery are discussed.  相似文献   

Some phenomenological aspects of carbonate geochemistry. The control effect of transition metals     

Dr. Ibrahim A. Mirsal  Prof. Dr. Heinrich Zankl 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1985,74(2):367-377

The dualism in carbonate geochemistry — organic or inorganic production — leads to an erroneous definition of the carbonate system. A different formulation of the chemical mechanism is proposed where traces of transition metals together with organic matter in natural environments play a central role in carbonate production. This approach is verified in a series of experiments using natural and artificial sea water and as chelating agents citric, tartaric, malonic, and oxalic acids with five transition metals: Ni, Co, Fe, Mn and Zn. The final product of carbonate precipitation depends on the type of metal acting as a central atom. In the series Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn the potential for calcium uptake increases from Ni to Zn, while magnesium uptake increases in the opposit direction from Zn to Ni. Dolomite can precipitate from Mg-rich natural waters by the catalytic effect of Fe(II)-chelates. If the waters containing Fe(II)-chelates are exhausted with respect to magnesium carbonate, they will attack dolomite to form calcite.

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Zusammenfassung Die Gegensätzlichkeit der Geochemie der Karbonate — organische oder anorganische Produktion — führte zu einer widersprüchlichen Definition des Karbonatsystems. Es wird hier eine abweichende Formulierung der chemischen Mechanismen vorgeschlagen, wobei Spuren von Ubergangsmetallen zusammen mit organischen Substanzen in natürlicher Umgebung eine zentrale Rolle bei der Karbonatproduktion spielen. Dieser Ansatz läßt sich in Experimenten nachweisen, wobei in natürlichem und künstlichem Meereswasser chelatbildende Substanzen wie Zitronensäure, Weinsäure, Apfelsäure und Oxalsäure mit 5 Übergangsmetallen Ni, Co, Fe, Mn und Zn zusammengebracht werden. Das Endprodukt einer Karbonatfällung hängt von dem Metall ab, das als zentrales Atom in den Komplexen wirkt. In der Serie Ni, Co, Fe, Mn und Zn nimmt das Potential zur Kalziumaufnahme von Ni nach Zn zu, während die Magnesiumaufnahme in entgegengesetzter Richtung, nämlich von Zn nach Ni zunimmt. Dolomit kann man aus natürlichen Wässern unter Zuhilfenahme des katalytischen Effekts von Fe(II)-chelaten fällen, während man in eisenchelathaltigen Wässern mit einem Unterschuß an Magnesiumkarbonat den Dolomit in Kalzit umwandeln kann.

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Résumé En géochimie des carbonates, la dualité — production organique ou inorganique — conduit à une définition erronée du système carbonate. Les auteurs proposent un modèle différent du mécanisme chimique, dans lequel des métaux de transition en traces, ainsi que des substances organiques de l'environnement naturel jouent un rôle prépondérant dans la genèse des carbonates. Cette approche est vérifiée par une série d'expériences dans lesquelles on ajoute à de l'eau de mer naturelle ou artificielle: d'une part 5 métaux de transition: Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn; d'autre part des agents chélatants tels que: acide citrique, tartrique, malonique ou oxalique. Le produit final d'une précipitation carbonatée dépend du métal qui constitue l'atome central du complexe. Dans la série Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn, le potentiel de fixation du Ca augmente du Ni au Zn, tandis que celui du Mg augmente dans l'autre sens, du Zn au Ni. Il est possible de précipiter de la dolomite dans des eaux naturelles, à l'aide de l'effet catalytique de chelates de Fe¹¹, tandis que si du carbonate de Mg est soustrait à des eaux contenant du chélate de F¹¹, on peut transformer la dolomite en calcite.

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, — , — , . , . , , , .: , , 5 : Ni, , Fe, Mn Zn. , . Ni, , Fe, Mn Zn Ni Zn, — . , .

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Palaeozoic flysch series in the Coastal Cordillera of Northern Chile     

Dr. Christoph Breitkreuz  Heinrich Bahlburg Dipl.-Geol. 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1985,74(3):565-572

A discontinuous outcrop of Palaeozoic rhythmic clastites appears in the North Chilean Coastal Cordillera. The Formación El Toco (21°15–22°15S) whose scarce flora points to a presumably Upper Devonian age forms the northernmost part of the outcrop. It is discordantly overlain by Lower Jurassic volcanics (Fm. La Negra), its base, however, is not exposed. Hercynian heteromorphous deformation led to predominantly NW trending folds strongly inclined mostly to the SW. Chevron-like folds of 0.1 to 30 m occur locally and seem to display properties transitional between synsedimentary-gravitational and early tectonic deformation.The series which is at least 2300 m thick consists of proximal, in parts pebbly turbidites with non-turbiditic finegrained intercalations. Incomplete BOUMA-sequences frequently begin with A-beds of grey to green immature, badly sorted coarse sandstones of up to 6 m thickness containing isolated quartz- and pelite-clasts.Measurements of flute casts and f oresets show palaeocurrents which came from NW and NNE. Along with petrographic observations they indicate southward directed transport of detritus from low metamorphic sedimentary and magmatic source areas into an Upper Devonian nonvolcanic basin.

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Zusammenfassung Die Formación El Toco ist der nördlichste Aufschluß einer Kette von Vorkommen paläozoischer rhythmischer Klastite in der nordchilenischen Küstenkordillere. Diese Formation (21°15–22°15S), deren spärliche Flora vorbehaltlich dem Oberdevon zuzuordnen ist, wird diskordant von unterjurassischen Vulkaniten (Fm. La Negra) überlagert —das Liegende ist nicht aufgeschlossen. Variszische heteromorphe Deformation führte zu vorherrschend NW-streichender Faltung, die meist starke SW-Vergenz zeigt. Lokal tritt eine scharfe Verfaltung im 0,1 bis 30 m-Bereich hinzu, die sowohl synsedimentär-gravitative als auch frühtektonische Deformationsmerkmale zeigt.Die mindestens 2300 m mächtige Serie ist ein proximaler Flysch mit z. T. kiesführenden Turbiditen, in die nichtturbiditische feinkörnige Partien eingeschaltet sind. Die unvollständigen BOUMA-Sequenzen beginnen häufig mit einer aus grauen bis grünen unreifen und schlechtsortierten Grobsandsteinen bestehenden A-Division von bis zu 6 m Mächtigkeit, die isolierte Quarz- und Pelitklasten enthalten kann.Flute cast- und Foreset-Messungen weisen auf Paläoströmungsrichtungen aus NW und NNO hin. Zusammen mit petrographischen Analysen läßt sich daraus ein südwärts gerichteter Transport von schwachmetamorphsedimentärem und magmatischem Detritus in ein oberdevonisches nicht-vulkanisches Becken ableiten.

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Résumén Ritmitas clásticas de edad paleozoica forman afloramientos discontinuos en la Cordillera de la Costa del Norte de Chile. La Formación El Toco (21°15–22°15S), que contiene una flora escasa de probable edad Devónico Superior, constituye la parte más septentrional de estos afloramientos. La base no se conoce, mientras que el techo infrayace discordantemente a volcanitas jurásicas inferiores (Fm. La Negra). Deformaciones hercínicas heteromórficas llevan a la formación de pliegues orientados predominantemente al NW inclinados fuertemente al SW. Localmente aparecen pliegues en forma de chevron de un tamano de 0.1 a 30 m que muestran caracteristicas de deformación transicional entre sinsedimentana-gravitativa y tectónica temprana.La serie que tiene una potencia de por lo menos 2300 m consiste en turbiditas proximales parcialmente con gravas e intercalaciones finas no-turbidíticas. Secuencias incompletas de BOUMA empiezan frecuentemente con capas de la division A (espesor maximo 6 m) los cuales se componen con frecuencia de areniscas gruesas gris-verdes, composicionalmente inmaduras y mal seleccionadas, con clastos aislados de cuarzo y pelita.Medidas de flute casts y foresets muestran paleocorrientes provenientes de NW y NNE. Junto con observaciones petrográficas, las paleocorrientes indican un transporte de material detrítico, originado de áreas con rocas sedimentarias, metamórficas de bajo grado e ígneas, dirigido al sur hacia una cuenca no volcánica de edad Devónico Superior.

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- , - . (21°15 - 22°15 ) , ; - ( -). . , . . NW , SW. 0,1 30 , , - , - . 2300 , . , . , NW a NNE. , , .

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Neure Veröffentlichungen     

Hartmut Heinrich  Hartmut Klüger 《Ocean Dynamics》1986,39(4):179-181

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A komatiite component in Apollo 16 highland breccias: implications for the nickel-cobalt systematics and bulk composition of the moon     

A.E. Ringwood  Stefan Seifert  Heinrich Wnke 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1987,81(2-3)

The lunar crust at the Apollo 16 landing site contains substantial amounts of a “primitive component” in which the ferromagnesian group of elements is concentrated. The composition of this component can be retrieved via an analysis of mixing relationships displayed by lunar breccias. It is found to be a komatiite which is compositionally similar to terrestrial komatiites both in major and minor elements. The komatiite component of the lunar crust is believed to have formed by extensive degrees of melting of the lunar interior at depths greater than were involved in the formation of the lunar magma ocean which was parental to the crust. After formation of the anorthositic crust, it was invaded by extensive flows and intrusions of komatiite magma from these deeper source regions. The komatiites became intimately mixed with the anorthosite by intensive meteoroid impacts about 4.5 b.y. ago, thereby accounting for the observed mixing relationships displayed by the crust. The compositional similarity between lunar and terrestrial komatiites strongly implies a corresponding similarity between the compositions of their source regions in the lunar interior and the Earth's upper mantle. The composition of the lunar interior can be modelled more specifically by combining the komatiite composition with its liquidus olivine composition (as determined experimentally) in proportions chosen so as to produce a cosmochemically acceptable range of Mg/Si ratios for the bulk Moon. Except for higher FeO and lower Na₂O, the range of compositions thereby obtained for the bulk moon is very similar to the composition of the Earth's upper mantle.The effects of meteoritic contamination on the abundances of cobalt and nickel in lunar highland breccias were subtracted on the assumption that the contaminating projectiles were chondritic. The cobalt and nickel residuals thereby obtained were found to correlate strongly with the (Mg + Fe) content of the breccias, demonstrating that the Co and Ni are associated with the ferromagnesian component of the breccias and are genuinely indigenous to the Moon. The lunar highland Co and Ni residuals also display striking Ni/Co versus Ni correlations which follow a similar trend to those displayed by terrestrial basalts, picrites and komatiites. The lunar trends provide further decisive evidence of the indigenous nature of the Co and Ni residuals and suggest the operation of extensive fractionation controlled by olivine-liquid equilibria in producing the primitive component of the lunar breccias. Indigenous nickel abundances at the Apollo 14, 15 and 17 sites are much lower than at the Apollo 16 site, although rocks from all sites follow the same Ni/Co versus Ni trends. It is suggested that the primitive component at the Apollo 14, 15 and 17 sites was generally of basaltic composition, in contrast to the komatiitic nature of the Apollo 16 primitive component.  相似文献   

Neuere Veröffentlichungen     

Hartmut Heinrich  Jürgen Schulz-Ohlberg  Dietrich Voppel 《Ocean Dynamics》1987,40(5):235-239

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